The 20th century tore down the traditional definition of art entirely. Spurred by industrialization and the trauma of world wars, artists fragmented reality and embraced total abstraction.
Today, art is no longer confined to paint and stone. It explores concepts, identity, and global culture across diverse media. art a visual history pdf
The intense contrast of light and shadow (chiaroscuro) pioneered by Caravaggio and Rembrandt. The 20th century tore down the traditional definition