Spinning the cue ball dramatically changes its behavior, both before and after it hits an object ball or rail.
are the fundamental rules of the game. A cue ball will remain stationary until struck by the cue stick (inertia), and the amount of force you apply determines how fast it accelerates (F = ma). For every action (the cue tip hitting the ball), there is an equal and opposite reaction (the force exerted back on the tip).
Mastering this imaginary 90-degree grid allows players to predict exactly where the cue ball will travel next, which is vital for position play and avoiding scratches. 3. Rotational Dynamics: Spin and Friction